Dan Rather :: essays research papers

Before I start, I'd prefer to thank the individual who made it feasible for me to be here with all of you today. President Bill Clinton. By planning his excursion to Moscow to make sure, I had a sufficient respite between my outings to Japan and Oklahoma city and Russia that it was conceivable to make it to Hartford today. I'd likewise prefer to say thanks to John Boyer. Some way or another he got it into his head that I like Twain - which I do - and that I may know something about him - which I don't. In any event I am straightforward about it. In any case, you might need to think about that Mark Twain and I share certain unwavering philosphical similitudes. We both lived in Connecticut for some time. We both like to angle. We both like to take an impromptu day off. We both like stogies. In any case, Mark Twain's significant other permitted him to light his stogies. (You can possibly envision the kind of profession I might've had if my better half let me light my cigars.owever, similar to the President, I am just allowed to bite mine.) I'm not uninformed that the giving of talks on Mark Twain is all the more ordinarily the circle of scholastics. To be delighted in by different scholastics. Scholastics can pose inquiries, for example, "Was Huck black?" To which all of us would only answer, "No." Academics lean toward banter over basic inquiries. Scholastics aren't care for you and me. At any rate, dislike me. Such things are route over my head. I am a pleased alumni of Sam Houston State Teachers College Huntsville, Texas. While those of us who went there realize that it generally will be the Yale or UConn of our piece of the world, we're entirely very much aware that the vast majority this far north have never known about the spot. Sam Houston State has about as much ivy developing on it as your normal Burger King or McDonald's. I express every one of these things to underscore a certain something. There might be extraordinary specialists on crafted by Mark Twain - maybe there are a few in this room. Be that as it may, not many if any such extraordinary specialists are alumni of Sam Houston State Teachers College. Also, I am not such a one. It's with that understanding that I continue today. I don't imagine any aptitude in progress of Mark Twain. I tend not to decipher a lot. I appreciate. In planning for my visit I did a great deal of perusing and re-perusing, and I did a ton of roaring with laughter.

Calculating the young modulus of constanton Essay Example

Computing the youthful modulus of constanton Paper Presentation Constanton is a copper-nickel compound basically utilized in the for its electrical opposition properties. It has a high opposition which is steady over a wide scope of temperatures. I am going to discover the Youngs modulus of this wire and watch its conduct. Mechanical assembly  Constanton Wire  G-Clamp x2  Pulley Hanging loads  Ruler  Micrometer  Small marker banner Wooden end squares  Sponge Blocks Underlying Theory When an example is twisted by a power, the distortion is corresponding to the extent of the power. This is appeared by Hookes Law where: Force is equivalent to a solidness consistent (k) times the expansion (e). The power is relative to the expansion. For an example we can likewise figure anxiety: Where stress is equivalent to constrain (F) partitioned by region (An) and strain is equivalent to augmentation (e) isolated by unique length (l). At the point when you plot these on a Stress-strain chart it demonstrates Hookes law when it is straight line however when the diagram bends, the example is indicating plastic disfigurement all things considered past as far as possible. Utilizing this diagram we can work out the Youngs Modulus of an example which is: This is likewise estimated in Nm-2 or Pascals (Pa). It can likewise be determined by working out the inclination on the pressure strain diagram. We will compose a custom paper test on Calculating the youthful modulus of constanton explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Calculating the youthful modulus of constanton explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Calculating the youthful modulus of constanton explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer At the point when a wire obeys Hookes Law it misshapes flexibly. This implies when the heap is expelled, the wire returns back to its underlying length. The molecules in the wire move little good ways from their balance positions yet then return. After as far as possible the wire begins to distort plastically. The molecules move inside the structure so they can't return when the heap is expelled. Estimations Throughout the test these estimations should be taken and watched:  Stress Force and surface zone  Strain Initial length and the augmentation  Youngs modulus  Percentage blunder mistake of each bit of hardware. Hookes law (F=ke) Method To gauge the Youngs modulus of constanton I will: 1) Set up the gear as appeared. 2) Choose a reasonable area of wire from the genuine that doesnt seem bowed, wound or distorted. Measure the width of the wire with a micrometer before appending it to the loads. 3) Attach a marker banner so the expansion can be estimated. 4) Start the test by estimating the underlying length of wire and including the 100g loads and estimating the new length each time. 5) Record your outcomes in a table and plot a pressure strain chart utilizing these outcomes. Weight (g) Mass (N). Length (mm) Stress (Nm-2/Pa) Strain 6) Repeat the trial multiple times or until you get a lot of comparative outcomes. Results Experiment 1 In the primary endeavor at computing the youngs modulus of constanton I utilized 0. 44mm breadth wire with an underlying length of 500mm. I estimated both in millimeters since this would abstain from changing over units while computing the strain of the wire (e/l). The wire possibly reached out by 1mm when 1700g were added to it so I deserted the test and changed my strategy marginally to get more expansion for mass. Examination 2 I changed the distance across of wire used to 0. 23mm which is practically a large portion of the thickness than previously. By utilizing more slender wire we should see more augmentation for the measure of weight included so we can gauge it with a ruler all the more without any problem. The underlying length of wire was additionally 500mm. At the point when I completed the trial the wire end up being too slight in light of the fact that as just 500g was added the wire began to show fast plastic misshapening and kept on reaching out by generally 6% (30mm) of its unique length before the wire broke. Trial 3 I changed the distance across again so I could record increasingly indisputable outcomes. I utilized a distance across of wire in the middle of the measurements of the initial two examination (0.31mm) and an underlying length of 500mm. I still couldnt record too exact outcomes as the wire didnt broaden enough so I could just plot three focuses on a chart before it demonstrated plastic conduct. Further test changes were required. Examination 4 This time I changed the underlying length of wire used to 800mm from 500mm. This would intensify the expansion so I could quantify it with the ruler on the grounds that the pace of augmentation would increment and furthermore the measure of expansion would increment. By expanding the underlying length of wire it would likewise diminish the rate blunder in the estimation of the wire with the ruler. The rate blunder goes from 0. 1% to 0. 063%. Analysis 5 This was a rehash to check the precision of investigation 4. In this examination I experienced a couple of issues. The bunch holding the weight holders on continued slipping and the outcomes found didn't coordinate the pervious example. Test 6 This was my third rehash of examination 4. This gave me a genuinely comparative arrangement of results to test 4. Because of time limitations, no more examinations could be done to do a third rehash. Estimations Using the breadth to work out the surface zone. Let x = width X 10-3 = to change from millimeters to metresi 2 = to change breadth into span Then substitute it into the recipe for the zone of a circle. Change grams into Newtons for power. Which is equal to I 10  Changing Pascals (Pa) into Megapascals (MPa)  Working out slope to discover the Youngs Modulus. Diagrams To plot the charts I just plotted focuses where the wire reached out by a millimeter on the grounds that the wire was stretching out between those focuses yet I was unable to take delicate enough estimations with a ruler. To plot the charts I likewise changed Stress from Pascals (Pa) to Megapascals (MPa) to make it simpler to plot on the diagram. I likewise utilized the diagrams to work out the Youngs Modulus of the Constanton by finding the angle of the chart before it arrived at as far as possible. Errors Here are a few factors that may have caused a few mistakes in my estimations: * The wire may contain contaminations that change the manner in which the wire acts. This would not benefit from outside assistance. * By appending a pointer you can influence the example by limiting the manner in which it carries on. To abstain from causing such a large number of errors use as meager a pointer as could be expected under the circumstances so there is as meager as conceivable contacting the example. The pulley wheel may cause rubbing however this is the most reasonable method of changing over level development into vertical.  There likewise might be curves or variety in cross sectional zone in the wire. To limit the danger of this, dont utilize the initial scarcely any meters of wire until you discover an area that looks generally flawless. Rate Errors The principle wellspring of rate blunder is in the estimation of the breadth taken by the micrometer despite the fact that the micrometer is exact to I 0. 005mm and the ruler is just exact to I 0. 5mm. In tests 4, 5, and 6: % mistake of distance across = [ i0. 005/0. 31] x 100 = 1. 6% % mistake of length = [ I 0. 5/800 ] x 100 = 0. 06% Other wellsprings of rate mistake are: Diameter of the wire which is a case of vulnerability in the estimations. Real mass of the loads which is a case of orderly mistake. End Using tests 4 and 6 I had the option to work out my youngs modulus of Constanton by finding the slope of the underlying straight piece of my diagram. Test 4 = 280GPa Experiment 6 = 240GPa The genuine estimation of the youngs modulus is 162GPa so I am out by around a factor of two. This isn't excessively far away from the genuine worth considering the immense vulnerabilities associated with my estimation method. To improve my precision I would either need to improve my estimation procedures or change my technique totally. All in all, the strategy was full of feeling for exhibiting the effects of Hookes law however not for estimating precisely the youngs modulus of constanton. Adjustments in the Method  Attaching the pointer to the pulley stops the pointer coming into contact with the example of wire which could deter twisting however in the event that the wire expands beyond what the pulley can gauge, at that point the investigation won't work. Light up the pointer to deliver an amplified shadow of the development. This makes it simpler to see development and takes into consideration increasingly exact estimation anyway you have to ascertain and align amplification.  Use wire that isnt twisted cycle a genuine in light of the fact that it contorted the beginning purpose of my bend. A common youngs modulus bend begins at the root however mine doesnt on the grounds that initial not many hundred grams was utilized to apply strain to the wire to twist out the bends.

Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PD-NOS)

Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PD-NOS) BPD Diagnosis Print Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PD-NOS) By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 18, 2019 Mario Pucic/Moment/Getty Images More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions Personality disorder not otherwise specified (PD-NOS), also referred to as personality disorder NOS was a diagnostic category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV-TR). This diagnostic category was reserved for a clinically significant problem in personality functioning that did not fit into any of the other existing personality disorder categories. Changes in Personality Disorder NOS in DSM-5 In the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), personality disorder not otherwise specified has been replaced by personality disorderâ€"trait specified (PD-TS). This diagnosis is given when you have the characteristics of a personality disorder, but you dont fully meet the criteria for any specific one. You may even have a variety of symptoms of several different personality disorders. Types and Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders are characterized by thinking and feeling about yourself and others in a way that causes significant impairment to your everyday functioning and relationships. There are ten personality disorders listed in DSM-5. They include: Borderline Personality Disorder   This disorder is characterized by turbulent relationships with others, paranoid thinking, a deep-rooted and extreme fear of abandonment, emotional instability, impulsive behaviors and an unstable sense of self.   Paranoid Personality Disorder   People with a paranoid personality disorder may be socially isolated, hostile, have a constant worry that others have ulterior motives, expect people to use them for their own means and have trouble working and getting along with others. Avoidant Personality Disorder If you have an avoidant personality disorder, you may be very shy, easily hurt, see yourself as not as good as everyone else, avoid situations or jobs that force you to be in contact with others, not open up in romantic relationships and blow situations out of proportion. Schizoid Personality Disorder This disorder may be related to schizophrenia but is not as severe. People with this disorder may be emotionally unavailable, distant, appear aloof and tend to isolate themselves from others. They have no desire for close relationships, even with family members. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Not to be mistaken for obsessive-compulsive disorder  (OCD), which is an anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) does have many of the same features as OCD. One of the main differences between the two is that in OCD, people have thoughts they dont want and in OCPD, people believe their thoughts are correct. This disorder features a rigid adherence to rules and/or lists, perfectionism, an inability to be flexible, generous or show affection and being obsessed with work. Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial personality disorder involves behavior that is often criminal. People with this disorder tend to manipulate, not care about others safety, lie, steal, fight, be angry, have no remorse for their actions, violate others rights, be charming, engage in substance abuse, break the law and use other people for their own benefit. Histrionic Personality Disorder If you have histrionic personality disorder, you are likely able to function well in life. This disorder involves needing to be the center of attention and engaging in intense emotional drama to do so. Other symptoms are having a hard time dealing with criticism, blaming others for failure, extreme worry about what others think, impulsive behavior, being overly concerned about your looks and always needing approval and/or reassurance.   Narcissistic Personality Disorder In narcissistic personality disorder, people have an inflated sense of themselves and their importance, are unable to empathize with others and focus almost entirely on themselves and what they want and need. Schizotypal Personality Disorder Unlike people with schizophrenia, if you have schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), you are in touch with reality and usually dont experience hallucinations  or delusions. Symptoms of SPD include having strange beliefs and/or fears, being uncomfortable in social situations, not having close friends, having an unusual appearance or behavior and being unable to express your feelings appropriately. Dependent Personality Disorder This disorder is characterized by being too dependent on others for your physical and/or emotional needs. Symptoms include not wanting to be alone, not being able to make independent decisions, being unable to express disagreement, becoming passive in interpersonal relationships, excessive caring about what others think, worry about being abandoned and an inability to deal with criticism or disapproval.

Environmental Scan Paper - 1138 Words

Environmental Scan Paper MGT/498 Environmental Scan Paper The business environment of an organization reveals much about its competitiveness and the possible influences on the success of its strategies. The focus of this paper will be an environmental scan of the internal and external environments of two real-world firms, their competitive advantages and company strategies for creating value and sustaining competitiveness, measurement guidelines for verifying strategic effectiveness and their evaluation. Internal and External Environments Environmental scanning of the internal organizational environment focuses on company culture, employee-employee, manager-employee, and†¦show more content†¦In relation to Apple’s internal environment, the company encourages an innovative culture, involving staff creativity and open-mindedness to novel ideas. In addition, Apple stresses the use of environmentally friendly practices, and protection of employees’ safety and health at work (Schneider, 1995, p. 70). Apple’s external environment poses a challenge to the company in terms of emerging firms in the technology business line, competitors selling substitute products, charging lower prices that entice customers because of their affordability, in comparison to the high quality and pricing of similar items from Apple (Apple, 2012, p.1). Competitive advantages and company strategies Creating value and sustaining competitive advantage through business strategy McDonald’s emphasizes cleanliness and food safety, in addition to quality and value service (QSCV), through which it has succeeded in obtaining customer trust. The company also stresses ethical practices, dependability, and truthfulness in dealing with customers (McDonald’s, 2012, p. 1). Moreover, McDonald’s employs a coordinated marketing strategy that involves analyzing customer wants, creating products to satisfy his or her needs, setting the right prices and enhancing awareness ofShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Scan Paper1539 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironmental Scan Paper MGT/498 July 22, 2015 Environmental Scan Paper The evaluating, monitoring, and disseminating of information from internal and external environments to key people within the corporation is called environmental scanning. (Wheelen and Hunger. 2010) Environmental scanning helps an organization identify relevant factors and use those factors to obtain a competitive advantage within the environment. The author will discuss how an organization creates value and sustainsRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Paper1272 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Scan Paper There are internal and external elements that help a corporation determine their future. Environmental scanning monitors, evaluates, and disseminates the information from both the internal and external environments within the corporation. The internal and external elements are strategic factors that determine the corporation’s future. Environmental scanning can be conducted through a simple SWOT analysisRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Paper1148 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Environmental Scan Paper Shalunda Lester MGT 498 May 2, 2015 Jerome Dausman Environmental Scan Paper Introduction The monitoring, evaluating, and disseminating of information from the external and internal environments is known as environmental scanning. This information goes to key people within the corporation to identify strategic factors and help determine the future of the corporation (Wheelen Hunger). SWOT analysis is the simplest way to conduct environmental scanning. TheRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Paper1497 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Scan Paper MGT/498 December 10, 2014 Dr. Pamela Linden Environmental Scan Paper Environmental scanning plays a critical role in the strategic management planning process. The environmental scan provides important information, which may be useful in forecasting changes for the future. Environmental scanning is, â€Å"the monitoring, evaluation, and dissemination of information from the external and internal environments to key people within the organization.† (Wheelen and HungerRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Paper1535 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Environmental Scan Paper Christine Jennings MGT/498 Jacqueline Limonta November 17, 2014 Environmental Scan The concept of environmental scanning is important because of the short term and long term success of a company. This tool helps companies scan, monitor, evaluate, and forecast the internal and external parts of the company. In order to obtain an accurate assessment of the internal and external variables of a company, the business managers would have to use a SWOT analysis to developRead MoreEthical and Environmental Scan Paper1850 Words   |  8 PagesEthical and Environmental Scan Paper: Enron, Google, Amazon, and Microsoft Ethics and the environmental responsibilities of companies tie directly into those of social responsibilities and occupy a very important position in both incorporating into strategic plans and the company’s value system. In this paper, the subject to describe is how the role of ethics and social responsibility is developed into a company’s strategic plan; this will enclose an example of how Enron initiated an oversteppingRead MoreMgt 498 Week 3 Environmental Scan Paper1112 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Scan Paper Your Name MGT 498 Week 3 Instructor Name Date For any company to survive in the business environment, they must be accustomed toward any situation within the environment because of certain issues, perceptions, chances, and resources. These are such reasons every business must observe any applicable changes, which can occur within the environment and invent from existing policies to adjust toward variations. For any company to succeed the company will need to conquer theRead MoreMgt 498 Week 3 Environmental Scan Paper1099 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Scan Paper Your Name MGT 498 Week 3 Instructor Name Date For any company to survive in the business environment, they must be accustomed toward any situation within the environment because of certain issues, perceptions, chances, and resources. These are such reasons every business must observe any applicable changes, which can occur within the environment and invent from existing policies to adjust toward variations. For any company to succeed the company will need to conquerRead MoreMGT/498 Week Three Individual Environmental Scan Paper1199 Words   |  5 Pages Environmental Scan Paper Craig Clark University Of Phoenix MGT/498 March 9, 2013 Environmental Scan Paper The environment of any organization consists of internal and external factors. An organization should conduct a scan of its environment in order for it to determine development, and a forecast on the factors that may influence the success of the organization. Scanning the environment refers to the possession and utilization of the information that an organization hasRead MoreEnvironmental Scan1153 Words   |  5 PagesMGT 498 Environmental Scan Paper MGT/498 Environmental Scan Paper Environmental scans play a crucial role in the strategic planning process by helping organizations take a look at their competitive advantages and identify ways to sustain the advantages. Wheelen and Hunger (2010) describes environmental scanning as â€Å"the monitoring, evaluation, and dissemination of information from external and internal environments

Why Everybody Is Completely Wrong About Samples of History Essay

Why Everybody Is Completely Wrong About Samples of History Essay The paragraphs which form the body of a history essay provides historical evidence to back up the thesis statement. When reading through such materials, it's important to take note of the major points which you would utilize to support your argument. You might not even be clear about the last thesis till you have written a lot of the paper itself and seen the way the argument holds together. The body of the essay is wherever your argument is actually made and where you are going to be using evidence directly. Get the Scoop on Samples of History Essay Before You're Too Late If you would like to compose the essay yourself, we believe it would be best to decide on a universal subject or issue. It's thus important to remind the readers of your central argument and supply an overview of the principal points. The topic sentence will aid in the debut of the idea to the reader. The history teacher or assignment outl ine may request a certain number of paragraphs. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Samples of History Essay Is Wrong In any event, you're sure to work with a writer who meets all the qualifications. It's very beneficial to take writing apart to be able to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. Don't be worried about a number of them being rather abstract their primary aim is to reveal to you the basic principles that you'll have the ability to transfer to your own writing. Or if you're requested to explain the successes of a certain individual, again avoid writing the very first thing which comes into your head. Thirdly, it can learn more about the value of a person's impact on history. The technique needed to compose an impressive history essay can change from 1 topic to another. To begin with, it can help to understand its objective. Narrow down your objective history is extremely wide, and thus it is nearly not possible to write about everything o n a topic that you might have been allocated. Samples of History Essay Features One of the main insights of MapReduce was that one shouldn't be made to move data so as to process it. You must make sure you're in a position to deliver a message as opposed to getting readers confused. Whether your papers are about Canadian history essay topics or some other topic, you're still guaranteed of premium quality. You'll observe a similar structure in several of the essays. Otherwise, all of the research which you have done will go to waste if you cannot describe it comprehensively. Our typical essay examples are free while our custom essays can be obtained at sensible rates. Essays may look very dull sometimes. With essay outline, they will prevent writer to get off topic or jumping from one argument to another argument that does not relate with what you are discussing. An essay is also a brief bit of writing on a certain subject. Making an essay isn't an easy job. Before you begin your writing, you ought to go through your supervisors' instruction and establish the most important requirement of the paper. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the bulk of our clients require is essay writing. In any case, you're permitted to communicate directly with the writer handling your paper so you can make any clarifications. Academic papers cannot contain any signals of plagiarism. The history books will supply you with wealth of information, but you should estimate what's related to you and comes within the perimeters of the subject of your History essay. Eventually you will probably become confused. As you will discuss history, t here could be a range of previous events to narrate, so come to be an impressive narrator. The Do's and Don'ts of Samples of History Essay If you neglect to conclude well, all of your hard work is in vain. If you're looking for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service offered by fully qualified academics in your area of study. If you've already graduated from college or university and are looking for a superior job, you want to get a persuasive resume to impress your future employer. Perhaps the most usual problem that students have, when they're assigned an essay, is they aren't even certain how to start.

Compensation and Benefits Free Essays

Compensation and benefits From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Compensation Benefits) Jump to: navigation, search Compensation and benefits (abbreviated â€Å"CB†) is a sub-discipline of human resources, focused on employee compensation and benefits policy-making. It is also known in the UK as â€Å"total reward† and as â€Å"remuneration† in Australia and New Zealand. Contents[hide] * 1 The basic components of employee compensation and benefits * 2 Variable pay * 3 Benefits * 4 Equity-based compensation * 5 Organizational place * 6 Main influencers * 7 Bonus plans| [edit] The basic components of employee compensation and benefits Employee compensation and benefits are basically divided into four categories: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Compensation and Benefits or any similar topic only for you Order Now Guaranteed pay – monetary (cash) reward paid by an employer to an employee based on employee/employer relations. The most common form of guaranteed pay is the basic salary. . Variable pay – monetary (cash) reward paid by an employer to an employee that is contingent on discretion, performance or results achieved. The most common forms are bonuses and sales incentives. 3. Benefits – programs an employer uses to supplement employees’ compensation, such as paid time-off, medical insurance, company car, and more. 4. Equity-based compensation – a plan using the employer’s share as compensation. The most common examples are stock options. Guaranteed pay Guaranteed pay is a monetary (cash) reward. The basic element of the guaranteed pay is the base salary, paid based on an hourly, daily, weekly, bi-weekly or a monthly rate. The base salary is typically used by employees for ongoing consumption. Many countries dictate the minimum base salary defining a minimum wage. Individual skills and level of experience of employees leave room for differentiation of income-levels within the job-based pay structure. In addition to base salary, there are other pay elements which are paid based solely on employee/employer relations, such salary and seniority allowance. edit] Variable pay Variable pay is a monetary (cash) reward that is contingent on discretion, performance or results achieved. There are different types of variable pay plans, such as bonus schemes, sales incentives (commission), overtime pay, and more. An example where this type of compensation plan is prevalent is the real estate industry and real estate agents. A common variable pay plan might be the sales person receives 50% of every dollar they bring in up to a level of revenue at which they then bump up to 85% for every dollar they bring in going forward. Typically, this type of plan is based on an annual period of time requiring a â€Å"resetting† each year back to the starting point of 50%. Sometimes this type of plan is administered so that the sales person never resets and never falls down to a lower level. It also includes Performance Linked Incentive whcih is variable and may range from 130% to 0% as per performance of the indiviudal as per his KRA. [edit] Benefits There is a wide variety of employee benefits, such as paid time-off, insurances (life insurance, medical/dental insurance, and work disability insurance), pension plan, company car, and more. A benefit plan is designed to address a specific need and is often provided not in the form of cash. Many countries dictate different minimum benefits, such as minimum paid time-off, employer’s pension contribution, sick pay, and more. [edit] Equity-based compensation Equity based compensation is an employer compensation plan using the employer’s shares as employee compensation. The most common form is stock options, yet employers use additional vehicles such as restricted stock, restricted stock units (RSU), employee stock purchase plan (ESPP), and stock appreciation rights (SAR). The classic objectives of equity based compensation plans are retention, attraction of new hires and aligning employees’ and shareholders’ interests. [edit] Organizational place In most companies, compensation benefits (CB) is a sub-function of the human-resources function. HR organizations in big companies are typically divided into three: HR business partners (HRBPs), HR centers of excellence, and HR shared services. CB is an HR center of excellence, like staffing and organizational development (OD). [edit] Main influencers Employee compensation and benefits main influencers can be divided into two: internal (company) and external influencers. The most important internal influencers are the business objectives, labor unions, internal equity (the idea of compensating employees in similar jobs and similar performance in a similar way), organizational culture and organizational structure. The most important external influencers are the state of the economy, inflation, unemployment rate, the relevant labor market, labor law, tax law, and the relevant industry habits and trends. edit] Bonus plans Bonus plans are variable pay plans. They have three classic objectives: 1. Adjust labor cost to financial results – the basic idea is to create a bonus plan where the company is paying more bonuses in ‘good times’ and less (or no) bonuses in ‘bad times’. By having bonus plan budget adjusted according to financial results, the company’s labor cost is automatically reduced when the company isn’t doing so well, while good company performance drives higher bonuses to employees. . Drive employee performance – the basic idea is that if an employee knows that his/her bonus depend on the occurrence of a specific event (or paid according to performance, or if a certain goal is achieved), then the employee will do whatever he/she can to secure this event (or improve their performance, or achieve the desired goal). In other words, the bonus is creating an incentive to improve business performance (as defined through the bonus plan). 3. Employee retention – retention is not a primary objective of bonus plans, yet bonuses are thought to bring value with employee retention as well, for three reasons: a) a well designed bonus plan is paying more money to better performers; a competitor offering a competing job-offer to these top performers is likely to face a higher hurdle, given that these employees are already paid higher due to the bonus plan. b) if the bonus is paid annually, employee is less inclined to leave the company before bonus payout; often the reason for leaving (e. g. dispute with the manager, competing job offer) ‘goes away’ by the time the bonus is paid. he bonus plan ‘buy’ more time for the company to retain the employee. c) employees paid more are more satisfied with their job (all other things being equal) thus less inclined to leave their employer. The concept saying bonus plans can improve employee performance is based on the work of Frederic Skinner, perhaps the mo st influential psychologist of the 20th century. Using the concept of Operant Conditioning, Skinner claimed that an organism (animal, human being) is shaping his/her voluntary behavior based on its extrinsic environmental consequences – i. . reinforcement or punishment. This concept captured the heart of many, and indeed most bonus plans nowadays are designed according to it, yet since the late 1940s a growing body of empirical evidence suggested that these if-then rewards do not work in a variety of settings common to the modern workplace. Research even suggested that these type of bonus plans have the potential of damaging employee performance. Retrieved from â€Å"http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Compensation_and_benefitsoldid=478107814† View page ratings Rate this page Rate this page Page ratings What’s this? Current average ratings. Trustworthy Objective Complete Well-written I am highly knowledgeable about this topic (optional) I have a relevant college/university degree It is part of my profession It is a deep personal passion The source of my knowledge is not listed here I would like to help improve Wikipedia, send me an e-mail (optional) We will send you a confirmation e-mail. We will not share your e-mail address with outside parties as per our feedback privacy statement. Submit ratings Saved successfully Your ratings have not been submitted yet Your ratings have expired Please reevaluate this page and submit new ratings. An error has occurred. Please try again later. Thanks! Your ratings have been saved. Please take a moment to complete a short survey. Start surveyMaybe later Thanks! Your ratings have been saved. Do you want to create an account? An account will help you track your edits, get involved in discussions, and be a part of the community. Create an accountorLog inMaybe later Thanks! Your ratings have been saved. Did you know that you can edit this page? Edit this pageMaybe later Categories: * Human resource management * Employment compensation Personal tools * Log in / create account Namespaces * Article * Talk Variants Views * Read * Edit * View history Actions Search ————————————————- Top of Form Bottom of Form Navigation * Main page * Contents * Featured content * Current events * Random article * Donate to Wikipedia Interaction * Help * About Wikipedia * Community portal * Recent changes * Contact Wikipedia Toolbox What links here * Related changes * Upload file * Special pages * Permanent link * Cite this page * Rate this page Print/export * Create a book * Download as PDF * Printable version * This page was last modified on 21 February 2012 at 18:25. * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of use for details. 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Multiculturalism free essay sample

This paper is about the rich make-up that is America. The author argues that we have to keep encouraging multiculturalism, and we should show that we are proud in taking part of such diverse country. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and pursuit of happiness (Declaration of Independence). These simple but powerful words start the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America. At the same time, groups of people came to this land from all around the globe, bringing their hopes and dreams to find freedom, wealth, and happiness that they may have missed in their original lands. So America became the number one multicultural country in the world where people of different races live. These people united to create a new, unique and richer culture, as well as a country that became the first power in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Multiculturalism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Subjective Riqqah Essays

Subjective Riqqah Essays Subjective Riqqah Essay Subjective Riqqah Essay It is a large cabinet and mousetraps and blunted tools might be found there SQ: Is the closet mentioned in the poem used much? How do we know? Mans: it is not much. We know it by the words mousetraps and blunted tools SQ: Why will the twigs not grow in a closet? Mans: The twigs will not grow in a closet because there is no air, water and sunlight. SQ: What is the twig compared to in the second stanza? Mans: It is compared to a twisted nail in the second stanza SQ: What is poet message to the reader? Mans: The poet message is that we should care of flowers and other things which we use in our daily life Exercise Q: Find words of the opposite meanings in the poem Opposites Large Little Short Tall Below Above Few Many Staleness Freshness sharpened Blunted 7 Strengthen 8 Straight Twisted 9 still blowing Q: Find where these expressions are used in the poem. Explain the underline meanings It is only a little twig. Meaning: just, merely. And set it where the sun Meaning: plant it, place it Thrust hither , and thither Meaning: spread here and there. Clash one upon another. Meaning: collide with each other. Q: Pick out the statement, questions, commands, and exclamation 1. It is only a little twig. Mans: statement 2. Did you plan it? Mans: Question 3. Water it Mans: command 4. How fresh it is! Mans: Exclamation 5. It will grow in to a bush Mans: Statement 6. Throw it in to the closet Mans: Command 7. Threw it into the closet 8. Have you thrown into the closet? To stare architect Somebody whose job is to design buildings hurtle To move very quickly dismount To get off a horse IQ :What did the king do when he became angry with someone Mans: The King had thrown him in the palace dungeon. SQ: Why did the Kind compare Enigma Din to a parrot? Mans: Because Amazing used to repeat only one sentence Ever happens for our own good SQ: What made the King so angry before the great debate? Mans: The injury on kings finger made him angry. SQ: Explain the phrase out of sight out of mind? Mans: It mean that we remember only those things which remain often forget that is away from our sight. SQ: Why were the members of the hunting party relieved when at the river?

Surprising or Not Surprising

Surprising or Not Surprising Surprising or Not Surprising Surprising or Not Surprising By Maeve Maddox Ive become aware of the inexplicable use of the phrase not unsurprising in contexts in which a simple unsurprising is called for. For example: Unpresidential, But Not Unsurprising Its extremely unfortunate yet not unsurprising that such an attack occurred. Annoying but not unsurprising. In each of these examples, the sense is that something might have been expected and is therefore not surprising. Placing not in front of unsurprising garbles the meaning. Something is either surprising or not surprising. surprising: adj. Causing surprise or wonder by its unexpectedness The word unsurprising may be used instead of the phrase not surprising. The OED doesnt bother to define unsurprising as not causing surprise, but it gives this illustration of its use: Adaptations of Dickenss works..are meant to make you feel good. This is unsurprising, as..it could be argued that this is exactly how Dickens intends you to feel. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Exquisite AdjectivesUsed To vs. Use ToUsing "zeitgeist" Coherently

Team Performance Measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team Performance Measurement - Essay Example Even though performance evaluation can be a successful process that acts as a basis for human resource development in healthcare organizations, there is a likelihood of various challenges being encountered especially if some of the team members consider it to be a punitive undertaking by the management. In a situation whereby individual accomplishments are valued more than teamwork (Sangvai et al. 2008), the junior staff in the healthcare cadre may regard performance measurement as an undesirable process due to their minimal contributions in the hierarchical structure where physicians dominate leadership and public trust. Such attitudes of inferiority may hamper the process of performance measurement as some team members feel intimidated (Castka et al. 2004). Members of a team usually have different perceptions regarding their individual performance and that of others. Some perceive themselves as the top performers, which may present a challenge in the performance measurement process when the continuous feedback to the group reveals results that are contrary to their expectations. If such individuals are rated below their counterparts in the preliminary results, they are likely to be de-motivated and discontented, thereby lowering their performance. Enthusiasm of such team members to participate in subsequent performance measurement processes may decrease; hence delaying the evaluation exercise and the ultimate results (Schrader & Lawless, 2004). Even though a strong team is expected to pursue shared objectives, the different roles require individual performance evaluation so that the management can determine the career development needs for each employee (Sanwong, 2008). This presents a major challenge since the teams normal workflow is affected by the idiosyncratic approach that promotes individualism rather than collective accomplishment of tasks. Some of the team members are likely to develop a pessimistic attitude thereby reducing their

Personal affirmation leads to greatest triumph or worst defeat Essay

Personal affirmation leads to greatest triumph or worst defeat - Essay Example It is through personal affirmation then that he realizes his greatest victory or worst defeat. This notion is aptly illustrated in the two novels namely A House for Mr Biswas by VS Naipaul and The Old man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway. A House for Mr. Biswas (House from now on) is a mammoth epic of nearly six hundred pages that illustrates one man's refusal to accept fate and to rise above the circumstances. It chronicles the life of Mohan Biswas who has just one dream all his life i.e. to win his independence by having his own place. He wants to be able to free himself from the clutches of the Tulsi family and while he dies at the young age of 46, he is one contented man having gained his independence. It is as early as in the prologue that we learn about Mohan's mission when we see that he is a sacked reporter who is dying at the age of forty-six in his own place "on his own half-lot of land, his own portion of the earth," on Sikkim Street, Port-of-Spain: How terrible it would have been, at this time, to be without it [a house]: to have died among the Tulsis, amid the squalor of that large, disintegrating and indifferent family; to have left Shama and the children among them, in one room; worse, to have lived without even attempting to lay claim to one's portion of the earth; to have lived and died as one had been born... In this he resembles Santiago of The Old Man and the Sea who is not an ordinary aging protagonist himself. From the very beginning Hemingway creates a portrait that alerts us that we are not dealing with an ordinary character when we learn that: "He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish" ( Hemingway 1952, 9). That Mohan's life would be extraordinary is clear from right from the auspicious time of his birth. He was born at midnight which according to Hindu myths was not a very fortunate time. The pundit prophesizes that Mohan would be a liar and lecher and the midwife feels he would be the cause of his father's death. As luck would have it, he inadvertently causes his father's drowning and is forced to live with strangers. It is during really tough times that he gets the brutal lesson of "ought oughts are oughts," which if we recall Lear's words means that "Nothing will come out of nothing." But Mohan is not the one to believe that. He was willing "to create himself and his world out of nothing." (Boxill, p. 37) The actual struggle begins when Mr. Biswas is dismissed from his position as a live-in pundit apprentice and from there on starts his solitary journey: "The neighbours had heard, and came out to watch Mr Biswas as, in his dhoti, with his bundle slung on his shoulders, he walked thr ough the village" (pp. 56-7). It is after some odd jobs that he finally lands a place with a powerful, conservative, land-owning family, the Tulsis who admire his sign-painting skills. Once inside their house, Biswas loses his independence completely. The Tulsis are a cunning lot who trap Mohan into marrying their daughter Shama because of his high caste. From their on,

Linking male underachievement with stereotypical laddish behaviour

Linking male underachievement with stereotypical laddish behaviour Much of the current research on underachieving boys in education is focused on suggesting solutions in terms of teaching methods. It is possible to criticise this approach as one can argue that in order to effectively formulate strategies aimed at helping boys who underachieve, you need to actually understand why they are underachieving. Some research suggests that the phenomenon of new laddism is just the old fashioned problem of boys behaving badly (Chaudhary, 1998). The solutions therefore do not actually focus on the cause of bad behaviour just focus on dealing with the behaviour itself. Media representations of underachieving boys are also problematic. They all too often ignore important questions and issues, such as which boys are underachieving? Delemont (1999) points out the problems with the crude portrayals that suggest boys underachievement and laddishness are synonymous; they are not. Not all laddish boys are underachievers and not all underachievers are laddish. Objective 3 of this research was addressed in detail in the previous section the literature review. Objective 1 and 2 of this research will be implemented through the collection and analysis of empirical data. This study is interested in an in-depth analysis of the year 10 and 11 boys at the researchers school, and specifically the reasons why they adopt laddish attitudes. Objective 1 will be focused on through analysis of the school staff as well, in particular looking at the process that causes certain types of behaviour to be labelled as laddish. Cohen and Manions (1996) description of a case study the researcher observing the characteristics of an individual unit sums up this piece of research neatly. Howard Becker (1970) describes one aim of case studies as the attempt to arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the group under study. This researcher be attempting to gain a comprehensive understanding of boys who underachieve at Tewkesbury School. Case studies can also be used to produce typologies, or a set of categories defining types of a social phenomenon. Douglas (1967) suggested that case studies could be used to discover the different types of suicide by uncovering the different social meanings of suicide. There is a possibility that this research can produce some typologies about the different types of behaviour that causes male underachievement. The potential issue with this research strategy is that it is not possible to generalise on the basis of my findings. It is impossible to determine how far the findings of this research can be applied to underachieving boys in other schools. As Bryman (1988) suggests, one way around this would be to repeat the research in other schools looking at the same phenomenon. The issue though with attempting to repeat the research is that it is difficult to make direct comparisons of the results of studies carried out either by different people, or by the same people at different times. Historical research as a strategy is not appropriate to this topic as it is generally associated with the study of non-contemporary phenomena this research is clearly not interested in anything non-contemporary. Experimental research is also not appropriate to this topic as its very nature is at odds with what this research is attempting to do experimental research will try to objective by taking phenomena out of its natural context, this research needs to understand what is happening in a school environment. Action research was considered due to the in-depth nature of the analysis it engages in but this research is not focused on one specific problem that can be tackled this way, the researcher is interested in exploring a range of issues linked to laddish behaviour and underachievement. This research will produce qualitative data in the main. Denzin and Lincoln (1994) describe qualitative research as studying things in their natural settings, and attempting to make sense of phenomena in terms of the meanings people give to them. Some quantitative data will also be produced as well, which Myers (1997) states is often produced through survey techniques within a social setting and as such works well when used alongside qualitative methods. Orlikowski et al. (1991) say that there are three categories into which qualitative research strategies fall into, depending upon the researchers view of the world; critical, positivist and interpretivist. Whilst this researcher does believe that in terms of a critical perspective of the world, people are influenced by social and cultural circumstances, he does not believe that the main of his research should be to free people from the restraining forces that impact upon their lives. His role is simply to understand better the key aspects of laddish behaviour and underachievement. This research will also not be adopting a positivist methodology, as the researcher does not believe that human beings can be studied in the same way that the natural sciences use to study particles, gases and rocks. The French writer Auguste Compte was the first person to use the phrase positivist philosophy (Compte, 1986). He believed that scientific knowledge about society could be accumulated and used t o improve human existence so that society could be run rationally without religion or superstition getting in the way of progress. Compte believed that the scientific study of society should be confined to collecting information about phenomena that can be objectively observed and classified. He argued that researchers should not be concerned with the internal meanings, motives, feelings and emotions of individuals these states only exist in the persons consciousness so cannot be observed, and cannot be measured in any objective way. The fundamental part of positivism is its use of statistical data. Positivists believed that it was possible to classify the social world in an objective way. Using these classifications it was then possible to count sets of observable social facts and then produce statistics. You can then look for correlations between different social facts. If there is a correlation between two or more types of social phenomena, then a positivist might suspect that one of these phenomena is causing the other to take place. This can be criticised though, for example if you look working class boys underachieving in school, the correlation between those two factors is not necessarily causal. It may simply be an indirect correlation. Positivism is based upon an understanding of science that sees science as using a mainly inductive methodology. This begins by collecting the data. The data is then analysed and out of this analysis theories are developed. Once the theory has been developed it can then be tested against other sets of data to see if it is confirmed or not. If it is repeatedly confirmed then positivists like Compte assume they have discovered a law of human behaviour. Other researchers though have not accepted the inductive method. Indeed, many use an alternative, a deductive approach. This alternative methodology is supported by Karl Popper in his book The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1959). The deductive approach reverses the process of induction. It starts with a theory and tests it against the evidence, rather than developing a theory as a result of examining the data. Popper argues that scientists should start with a hypothesis; a statement that is to be tested. This statement should be very precise and should state exactly what will happen in particular circumstances. On the basis of this hypothesis it should be possible to deduce predictions about the future. Popper differs from positivists in that he denies it is ever possible to produce laws that will necessarily be found to be true for all time. He argues that however many times a theory is apparently proved correct, there is always the possibility that at some future date the theory w ill be proved wrong, or falsified. He suggests that scientists have a duty to be objective, and to test their theories as rigorously as possible. Therefore, once they have formulated hypotheses, and made predictions, it is necessary to try constantly to find evidence that disproves or falsifies their theories. Some though argue that in practice scientists operate in very different ways from those advocated by Popper or positivists. Thomas Kuhn (1962) has developed an analysis of science which sees it as being far from the objective pursuit of knowledge. He argues that science is characterised by a commitment to a scientific paradigm. A paradigm consists of a set of beliefs shared by a group of scientists about what the natural world is composed of, what counts as true and valid knowledge, and what sort of questions should be asked and what sort of procedures should be followed to answer those questions. Kuhn does not believe that the same methods and procedures are found throughout scientific history; rather, they are specific to particular sciences at particular times. Scientists may ignore evidence that does not fit their paradigm. To Kuhn, a scientific subject is one in which there is an agreed paradigm. There is no guarantee that this accepted paradigm is correct: it may well be replaced by a new paradigm in the future. If Kuhns view of science is accepted, then it is doubtful social research can be considered as scientific. There is no one accepted paradigm in social research the different perspectives all see the social world in different ways: they ask different questions and get different answers. Kuhns work has been criticised though as you can argue that it has little relevance to social science and based upon inadequate evidence. Anderson, Hughes and Sharrock (1986) believe that he has underestimated the degree to which there is conflict and disagreement in natural science. Most of the time alternative paradigms are debated. A careful examination of the history of science shows that the periods of revolution grow in size while those of settled normality contract. The approach that this researcher will be adopting as identified by Orlikowski et al. (1991) is interpretivism. This most closely matches this researchers approach to research, and as a teacher of sociology it has been refined over the past ten years of either studying or teaching the subject. The interpretivist approach suggests that qualititative data collection techniques should be used. Social action can only be understood by interpreting the meanings and motives on which it is based. Many interpretivists argue that there is little chance of discovering these meanings and motives from quantitative data. Only from qualitative data with its greater richness and depth can the sociologist hope to interpret the meanings that lie behind social action. Interpretivists reject the use of natural science methodology for the study of social action. The natural sciences deal with matter. Since matter has no consciousness, its behaviour can be explained simply as a reaction to external stimuli. People though, have consciousness they see, interpret and experience the world around them in terms of meanings. Max Weber talks about how understanding the motives behind peoples behaviour could be achieved through verstehen imagining yourself to be in the position of the person whose behaviour you were seeking to explain. Phenomenology represents the most radical departure from positivism. Phenomenologists go even further than interpretivists in that they reject the possibility of producing causal explanations of human behaviour. They do not believe that it is possible objectively to measure and classify the world. To phenomenologists, human beings make sense of the world by imposing meanings and classifications upon it. These meanings and classifications make up social reality. They believe that researchers should limit themselves to understanding the meanings and classifications which people use to give order to and make sense of the world. Studies which utilise this method concentrate almost entirely on the subjective aspects of social life which are internal to the individuals consciousness. DATA COLLECTION Convenience sampling was used to select the participants in the research project. It was convenient because the researcher works at the school involved in the study. There is nothing random about the students and staff who have been chosen and the researcher is making no claim of representativeness and generalisability to anywhere other than his school. That is not the focus of the research instead it is focused on simply gaining an in-depth understanding of the key issues involved in laddish behaviour and underachievement. This method of sampling was also used due to the fact that it is by far the easiest way to access participants. This research will use two main methods of collecting data: interviews and secondary data analysis. The main data collection technique will be semi-structured interviews. Interviews are as Yin (2003) states, able to provide insights into complex situations. And as Goldthorpe et.al (1968) found, interviewees could be prompted if they cannot decide how to answer a question. The interviews will be semi-structured because this will allow the students and staff to express their views, explain their individual circumstances and expand on any answers. The researcher though will be able to guide them towards the specific area of interest because there will always be some pre-planned questions. The key is, as Marshall and Rossman (1989) put it the participants view on the phenomena of interest should unfold as they truly view it, not as the researcher views it. The use of more than one method allows the researcher to engage in methodological pluralism. This is the idea that we should tolerate of a variety of methods in sociological research, because methods should be seen as part of the research process as a whole. (Bryman, 1998). The key advantage to the researcher is that it allows him to combine both positivist and interpretivist research methods, which allows him to benefit from triangulation, which is where the strengths of one method balance out against the weaknesses of another, and allow me to cross-examine the results. Methodological pluralism has become more and more popular in recent years amongst sociologists, although the idea itself has not escaped criticism: However, consensus over methodological pluralism is incomplete, and does not even mean that subscribing sociologists have actively sought to promote pluralism. As Bell, observed: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ individual sociologists no matter how tolerant, catholic and eclectic are v ery unlikely actually to be methodological pluralists à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ . It is the structure of sociology that became pluralist not sociologists themselves. (Bell and Roberts, 1984). Indeed, Payne et al (2004) conducted research aimed itself at measuring the extent to which methodological pluralism is used in sociological research. They concluded: Only about one in 20 of published papers in the mainstream journals uses quantitative analysis, ranging from simple cross-tabulations to multivariate techniques. This is not grounds for an argument that there should be less qualitative research, but rather that there should be more quantitative research. The site for the research will be Tewkesbury School. The research project is not intended to be an exhaustive study of laddish behaviour and underachieving boys in the local area it is specific to the researchers school and the needs and priorities of that school moving forward. The research will be focused on male students in year 10 and year 11. They have been selected for two main reasons those are the two year groups for which we have the most accurate data on who is underachieving, and improving the performance of these boys is the main priority for the school moving forward. The data on underachievement is generated by subject teachers who are judging the progress of students against their FFT (D) (Fisher Family Trust) targets. These type D targets are based upon the progress made by schools in the top 25% percentile of value-added schools nationally. Also, as Epstein et al (1998) points out it is at this age group that laddish behaviour begins to impact most heavily on educ ational performance. The staff that will be interviewed will be from a range of subject areas including English, Maths and Science. The research will analyse the different levels of underachievement and seek to identify reasons why these boys may be underachieving more in certain subject areas. Interviewing different staff allows for cross-comparisons of responses which will allow key themes to emerge. Indeed, as Holstein et al (1995) suggest, the interviewing process itself often creates new knowledge rather than just revealing data that was previously present in the interviewees heads. The following staff will be interviewed: 1 Head of Maths Faculty. 2 Head of Science Faculty. 3 Head of English Faculty. 4 Head of Humanities Faculty. 5 Head of Arts Faculty. 6 Head of Technology Faculty. All these staff have an in-depth knowledge of performance in their faculties, and have specific experience of the underachievement by students. The interviews will be recorded, where possible, for two reasons to ensure that the analysis of data is based upon an accurate record, and to allow the interviewer to concentrate on the actual interview. Secondary data in the form of school exam performance and monitoring reports will also be collected to form part of the analysis. This will allow the research to understand the scope of current performance levels. To help focus the interviews in terms of reflecting the main objectives of this research they will be structured in according to key themes, for example patterns of behaviour that are labelled as laddish, understanding of current underperformance issues, awareness of the issues involved in boys choosing to behave in a laddish manner. In terms of analysing the interviews, as Bogdan and Biklen (1982) put it; the researcher should aim to work with the data, analyse and break it down into manageable units, search for patterns and decide what is important. This summarises neatly the modern interpretive approach to qualitative data analysis and the approach that this researcher will use. LIMITATIONS AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS There are many potential problems in any research problem, and especially when researching a topic like this project is aiming to. The key one is generalisability this research cannot be generalised to any other educational setting, as it is purely relevant to the setting that the researcher is currently employed in. This does raise a question mark over the validity of the findings, but as most interpretivists argue, including Ackroyd and Hughes (1981), the researcher is not limited to what he or she can immediately perceive or experience, but is able to cover as many dimensions and as many people as resources permit. The depth of data gathered by this research should enable the researcher to find the truth, or at least the best representation of it available, hence ensuring a good degree of validity. The reliability of unstructured interviews can also be questioned as they are artificial situations, as Bryman (1988) notes, do they really capture the daily life, conditions, opinions, values, attitudes, and knowledge base of those we study as expressed in their natural habitat? Perhaps even more problematic is the issue of the researcher maintaining objectivity when interviewing colleagues in an environment in which he works. Labovs (1973) work also points out the way that school children can respond differently when interviewed in different contexts. They often respond in a certain way when interviewed in a formal setting that is very different from how they respond in an informal setting. Any research project which has interviews as the main source of data is hampered by interviewees who exhibit bias or poor memory recall, (Winlow 2001). This researcher has attempted to deal with this by gathering data from a range of sources, i.e. the various heads of faculty, and a range of students. This allows the researcher not to be dependent on one or two respondents for key data. But one must approach this research with the knowledge that people are not robots, especially school students, and that errors are bound to creep in, in terms of bias and honest mistakes of recollection. The issue of ecological validity pointed out by Hammersley and Gomm (2004) which is that interviews are unnatural social situations and the context affects the behaviour of interviewees so much that the resulting data cannot be seen as valid, does need to be allowed for, but overall it is expected that any bias or misinformation will be minimised. The researcher himself needs to alter his mindset slightly when conducting the interviews he has to view them not as colleagues but as research subjects, and this role change needs to be communicated to staff. Linked with this role change is the need for the researcher to gain the trust of his colleagues, as they may well be nervous about expressing their views openly, and so to encourage open and honest discussion, anonymity for academic staff will be guaranteed where required. (Biggam 2008). The use of quantitative statistics to measure and understand the extent of underachievement also has its issues. Atkinson (1978) believes that they are simply the product of the meanings and taken-for-granted assumptions of those who construct them. This is particularly the case when analysing teachers perceptions of who is underachieving, so the researcher must be wary of this. As Byrne (2006) states, they are useful to most social scientists they are made out of something, not nothing, and that provided we pay careful attention to the ways in which they are made, and in particular the processes of operationalisation they can be of very considerable value to us. Finally, in terms of ethics there are a range of potential issues to take into account. The researcher will be abiding by the code of ethics as set out by the British Sociological Association and the BERA. Participants will all give voluntary informed consent, which involves the need for them to substantially understand what the research involves. This ensures that no deception of any participants is involved. This does of raise the methodological issue of ecological validity, but it is not possible for the research to remove this issue. All participants have the right of withdrawal at any point, and this right is explained to each participant at the outset of any research. This research does involved the participation of children, so appropriate consent has been gained first from the school headteacher, as gatekeeper, from the parents/guardians of any children involved, and of course from the children themselves. Brookman (1999) talks about the issue of confidentiality and its impac t upon the research, but as discussed earlier, all participants were offered full anonymity as a condition of their participation. Essentially, as Israel and Hay (2006) point out, the ultimate purpose of having research ethics is to avoid harm and do good. They comment that contemporary researchers are normally expected to minimise risks of harm or discomfort to participants. This research will strive to ensure that this is the case.

Obama Victory Speech 2008

In Obama’s speech, he uses many inclusive pronouns such as ‘we’ and ‘our’. This shows that they are all the same; by doing this it creates a sense of unity among the audience. This is effective because it gets the audience on his side; if he used exclusive pronouns such as ‘you’, it would make the audience feel less united. He also says ‘America can change’, by doing this he personifies and metonymies ‘America’. This is effective as it makes the people think about what he means by ‘America’ in that context, he could have easily said the ‘people of America’ but that would be very dull.We also see here again that he uses ‘America’ in a united sense. This all links in with the semantic field of the speech, of ‘the American Dream’, which is all based on peace and unity among the people of America. Another technique Obama uses are exophoric references and anecdotes, such as â€Å"She’s a lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voices heard in this election except for one thing – Ann Nixon cooper is 106 years old. †This is effective in the speech as help explain the point Obama makes to the audience. It is also something the audience can relate to .He also waits until right at the end to say â€Å"Ann Nixon cooper is 106 years old,† this turns a sentence about someone ordinary into someone extraordinary. Apart from the general references he makes, there are also very famous ones, such as ‘A man touched down on the moon’ and ‘a preacher told a people ‘We shall overcome. ’† He uses these exophoric references effectively, to remind the audience about the situations they have overcome, which inspires them. Also, when he makes these references, he doesn’t clearly state the event but vaguely describes it.He does this to make the audience think about what h e is saying, but at the same time not to undermine them by being too clear. In the reference ‘A man touched down on the moon’, he uses the word ‘man’ which is much more inclusive than a person’s name, and it makes the audience feel united in that event and as if they were a part of it. Furthermore, when he gives the quotation of ‘we shall overcome’, everyone immediately recognises that famous quote, and relates to MLK. Obama also picks this quote out in particular, as it is about overcoming which is the main topic of his speech and in the way it is said, it sounds like a statement.This is effective as it reinforces and adds credibility to what he says, which means the audience are more likely to accept it. During the speech, Obama’s tone and body language varies. For example, when he is giving an anecdote, he talks in a calm manner with long sentences, few pauses and no hand gestures, ‘At a time when women’s voices we re silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up†¦ ’ Then when he starts to make a point his tempo rises and he uses sentences with many pauses with also strong hand gestures, ‘That while we breathe, we hope, and where we are met with cynicism, and doubt†¦ This is effective as it shows emphasis on the points that are very important and makes them easier to remember; also it shows a contrast between the main points of the speech and the anecdotes. In the Obama’s speech he uses few religious references, such as ‘Thank you, God bless you, and may God Bless the United States of America. ’ He says this because he himself is religious, but also America is a strongly Christian country and he targets those in audience who are religious. This effective as it gives impression that God is on their side and motivates people.Also the way Obama says that at the end of the speech is similar to how a priest would end his speech in a Ch urch, which again gives it a very holy and religious feeling. During the speech Obama shows advances in many things, such as technology. He shows this by saying â€Å"no cars on the road or planes in the sky† and â€Å"she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote,† by saying this he contrasts the past with the present, and it makes the audience think how far they have came, in terms of technology in a short space of time.Another advance he shows us is in equality, by saying â€Å"when someone like her couldn’t vote for two reasons – because she was a woman and because of the colour of her skin,† he reminds the audience of the time when it use to happen. This effective because it shows change, by contrasting the past with present, and he shows this change to show the American people that if they did it then why can’t they do it again, which motivates them. Also when he says â€Å"couldn’t vote for two reasons – †¦ there is a slight pause, he does this as the audience know what’s coming next which makes them think. Throughout the speech, Obama’s main buzz phrase has been â€Å"Yes We can. † This phrase is good as it is only three letters long and is repeated through the speech several times, making it easy to remember. He uses these when making a point, such as â€Å"America can change. Yes we can† and â€Å"nation conquers fear itself with a New deal, new jobs and a new sense of common purpose. Yes we can,† this motivates the people and gets them on his side.Also Obama uses this phrases right at the end of point or paragraph, so the audience know its coming and after it’s said they can repeated the phrase, this is why he leaves a short pause after each point for the audience to react . This is effective as it makes the audience think and concentrate on the speech. The word â€Å"yes† in the phrase as adverb shows the agreement between him and the people. The word â€Å"we† as a first person plural pronoun denotes as collective force or unity and the word â€Å"can† as a modal auxiliary verb suggests the ability or possibility of someone doing something.

Swot Analysis Of Acd J Co - 1446 Words

V. BUSINESS STRATEGIES Mission ACDJ Co. provides quality products with desirable features to any consumer at mid-level cost. We are consistently focused on research and development in order to be able to offer the best overall product in the industry. SWOT Analysis The following diagram summarizes how our SWOT analysis defines the Key Success Factors of the market and Distinctive Competencies of the Company. Strengths Weaknesses Distinctive Competencies Skills in marketing, communications Local presence in major market focus Entrepreneurial relationships Few people initially limit serviceable market Large company skills Small biz experience Good relationships Using technology to reduce client costs Opportunities Threats Key Success Factors Large # of businesses starting in United States South America. Business growth Focus on profit Small budgets Low barriers to entry Well funded competitors Need for local presence Core strengths in marketing/strategy Local presence Small Business focus Venture Capital relationships Introduction of New Services: New team members will bring new skills and potentially allow us to offer new services to our small business clients. One possible example is helping small businesses expand their operations overseas. The functional strategies that were used to meet the firm’s objectives were as follows: Price: The given start price at $10.00 was raised each quarter gradually by about $0.15 to $0.25. In this category, the firm

The Ethics Of Sports Apparel - 1798 Words

Founded in 1996 by Kevin Plank, a former University of Maryland football player, Under Armour is an innovative company in the sports apparel industry. Under Armour’s founder Kevin Plank came up with a ground-breaking idea that changed the way that sports apparel is looked at today. Plank wanted to originate an apparel that would help athletes like him keep cool and dry when they engaged in vigorous activities during high temperature condition, so he created sports apparel using synthetic materials as an alternative to natural fibers such as cotton. Being a former athlete allowed Plank to understand the discomfort of wearing a sweat cotton fiber shirt during sport practice, or work-out, and he worked relentlessly to develop a shirt that†¦show more content†¦Provide a five-forces analysis to support your answer. I believe that bargaining power of customers and threat of new entrants are the three main key forces that have the potential to impact negatively Under Armour’s growth stability. Under Armour relies mainly on Dick’s Sporting Goods and The Sports Authority for more than 20% of its revenues and problems at these retailers could affect its growth pace. While Under Armour faces rigid competition from Adidas and Nike, they could also see the competition go up from other companies as it does not hold process or fabric patents. Furthermore, Under Armour’s hard core competitors, Nike and Adidas Group, are continuously coming up with new ideas in order to fight for that number one spot and to earn the customers’ loyalty to their brand. Five Porter Analysis Competitive Rivalry within the Industry- Nike and Adidas pose threat and Under Armour does not hold patents. Bargaining power of suppliers- Diverse supplier base limits their bargaining power. 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